Could it be possible that the days of the week have changed over time?

Calendar changes have not affected the order of the days of the week. It is true that the imperfect Julian calendar originating in 46 B.C. (26) was replaced by the Gregorian calendar in 1582 (27) but the order of the days was not changed. What took place was that 10 days were taken from the number of days in the month, not from the number of days in the week. Thursday was October 4, 1582 and Friday was October 15, 1582. Changes in the calendar did not affect the Sabbath.
Footnotes:
26. Julian Calendar - Julius Caesar - 1st century B.C.E. - lunar calendar abandoned for the tropical solar year 365 ¼ days.
27. Gregorian calendar - Pope Gregory XIII - Papal bull 1582 A.D….vernal equinox brought back to 21st of March…the day after the feast of St. Francis i. e. October 5th became October 15 thereby omitting 10 days.
Copied from Too Long in the Sun by Richard Rives
Alleged Sabbath-breaking of Messiah (Copied from the ‘Explanatory Notes’ of the ISR Version of The Scriptures)
In Dictionary of New Testament Theology (Editor: Colin Brown), vol. 3, p. 410, after the author had critically examined all the
alleged Sabbath-breaking texts, he says
in conclusion, “We may conclude then, that
though Jesus broke through rabbinic traditions
about the sabbath, there was no annulling of
the observance of the day.” In the Mishnah, Shabbath 7, 2,
we find a list of 39 additional laws on Sabbath-keeping
which the Pharisees added, thereby making a burden of
the Sabbath. In fact, the addition of these extra laws is
against Scripture (Deb_ 4. 4:2 etc.). Yahshua was indeed
opposing the Pharisees who had made the Word of Elohim
of no effect with their burdensome oral tradition.
They had sought to make the observance of the Sabbath
much more rigorous than Yahweh had ever commanded. The New Bible Dictionary, 1st Edition, p. 1111, explicitly
refutes the allegation that the Messiah broke the Sabbath,
and referring to what Messiah and His taught ones did,
says as follows, “It was not wrong to eat on the sabbath,
even if the food must be obtained by plucking corn from
the ears. Nor was it wrong to do good on the sabbath day.”